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Ayahuasca: alkaloids, plants & analogs
assembled by Keeper of the Trout
[ Table of Contents ] [ Section Contents ] [ Previous ] [ Next ]
[Incomplete citations are mostly second-hand.]

References G - P
  • Gagnepain, F. (1930) Rev. Bot. Appl. Colon. 10: 293. "Observations sur le yagé." From Schultes 1986a.
  • Gallagher, C.H. et al. (1964) Nature 204: 542-545. "Toxicity of Phalaris tuberosa for sheep." [C.H. Gallagher, J.H. Koch, R.M. Moore & J.D. Steel]
  • Gallagher, C.H. et al. (1966) New Scientist 31: 412-414. "Poisoning by grass." [C.H. Gallagher, J.H. Koch & H. Hoffman]
  • Gallagher, C.H. et al. (1967) Australian Veterinary Journal 43: 495-500. "Deaths of Ruminants Grazing Phalaris tuberosa in Australia." [C.H. Gallagher, J.H. Koch & H. Hoffman]
  • Galeffi et al. (1964)[See Biocca et al. (1964)?]
  • Gander, J.E. et al. (1976) Phytochemistry 15: 737-738. "The Occurrence of 2-Methyl-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-β-carboline and Variation in Alkaloids in Phalaris arundinacea." [J.E. Gander, P. Marum, G.C. Marten & A.W. Hovin]
  • García-Barriga, H. (1958) Rev. Univ. Nac. Colomb. 23: 59-76. "El Yajé, Caapi o Ayahuasca, un Alucinógeno Amazónico."
  • García-Barriga, (1975) Flora Medicinal de Colombia2: 69.
  • Gates, Bronwen (1982) "Banisteriopsis, Diplopterys (Malpighiaceae)." Flora Neotropica Monographs. Number 30. The New York Botanical Garden. ISBN 0-89327-238-8.
  • Gates, Bronwen (1986) América Indigena 46 (1): 48-72. "La taxonomía de las Malpigiáceas utilizadas en la brebaje del ayahuasca."
  • Gebhart-Sayer, Angelika (1986) América Indígena 46(1): 189-218. "Una terapia estetica los diseños visionarios del ayahuasca entre los Shipibo-Conibo."
  • Gershon, S. & W.J. Lang (1965) Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. 135: 31-56. "A psychopharmacological study of some indole alkaloids."
  • Ghosal (1964) Sci. and Cult. 30: 142
  • Ghosal, Shibnath (1972)a Planta Medica 21: 200-209. " Occurrence of psychodelic [sic] substances in some Indian Medicinal Plants."
  • Ghosal, S. & P.K. Banerjee (1969) Australian Journal of Chemistry 22: 2029-2031. "Alkaloids of the Roots of Desmodium gangeticum."
  • Ghosal, S. & S.K. Bhattacharya (1972) Planta Medica 22 (4): 434-440. "Desmodium alkaloids part II. Chemical and Pharmacological Evaluations of D. gangeticum."
  • Ghosal, S. & U.K. Mazumder (1971) Phytochemistry 10: 2840-2841. "Alkaloids of the Leaves of Banisteriopsis argentea."
  • Ghosal, S. et al. (1969) Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 12: 480-483. "Arundo donax L. (Graminae). Phytochemical and Pharmacological Evaluation." [Shibnath Ghosal, S.K. Dutta, A.K. Sanyal & S.K. Bhattacharya]
  • Ghosal, S. et al. (1971) (b) Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 60 (8): 1209-1212. "Chemical and Pharmacological Evaluation of Banisteriopsis argentea Spring ex Juss." [S. Ghosal, U.K. Mazumder & S.K. Bhattacharya]
  • Ghosal, S. et al. (1977)b Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 61 (5): 808-810. "Naturally occurring and synthetic β-carbolines as cholinesterase inhibitors." [S.Ghosal, S.K. Bhattacharya & R. Mehta]
  • Giesbrecht, Astréa Mennucci (1960) Anais da Associação Brasileira de Química 19: 117-119. "Sôbre a Ocorrência de Bufotenina em Semente de Piptadenia falcata, Benth." [cited elsewhere as; "Bufotenine occurrence in Piptadenia falcata seeds."]
  • Gill & Raszeja (1971) Gdansk Tow. Nauk. Rozpr. Wydz. 3: 137
  • Glass-Coffin, Bonnie (1998) The Gift of Life. Female Spirituality and Healing in Northern Peru. University of New Mexico Press. 246 pages. ISBN 0-8263-1892-4 (hard.)/ 0-8263-1893-2 (paper)
  • Göbel, H. (1841) Justus Liebings Annalen der Chemie Und Pharmacie 38: 363-366. "Ueber das Harmalin"
  • Golan-Goldhirsh, A. et al. (1999) Pharmaceutical Biology 37 (3): 188-195. "Screening for Cytotoxic and Antimalarial Activities in Desert Plants of the Negev and Bedouin Market Plant Products." (A. Golan-Goldhirsh, H. Lugasi-Evgi1, P. Schlesinger, I. Kedar, J. Gopas, Y. Pollack and P. Sathiyamoorthy)
  • Gonçalves de Lima, Oswaldo (1946) Arquivos do Instituto Pesquisas Agronomicas 4: 45-80. "Observações sôbre o "vinho de Jurema" utilizado pelos índios Pancarú de Tacaratú (Pernambuco)."
  • Gottlieb, Ott R. (1979) Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1: 309-323. "Chemical Studies on Medicinal Myristicaceae from Amazonia."
  • Green, Hannah O. & Theodore A. Slotkin (1973) Molecular Pharmacology 9: 748-755. "Reserpine-like effects of harmine on isolated adrenal medullary vesicles." Harmine's effects on storage vesicles were similar to reserpine except that it demonstrated reversible inhibition rather than irreversible inhibition.
  • Grob, C.S. (1998) "Psychedelic drug research: recent developments with MDMA and ayahuasca." pp. 93-109, in R. Verres, H. Leuner & A Dittrich (eds) Welten Des Bewusstseins, Berlin. (Verlag für Wissenschaft und Bildung.)
  • Grob, C.S. et al. (1996) Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 184 (2): 86-94. "Human Psychopharmacology of Hoasca, A Plant Hallucinogen Used in Ritual Context in Brazil." (Charles S. Grob, Dennis J. McKenna, James C. Callaway, Glacus S. Brito, Edison S. Neves, Guilherme Oberlaender, Oswaldo L. Saide, Elizeu Labigalini, Cristiane Tacla, Claudio T. Miranda, Rick J. Strassman & Kyle B. Boone)
  • Gröger (1959) Planta Medica 7: 461
  • Gröger & Mothes (1960) Arch. Pharm. 293: 1049
  • Grossa, D. et al. (1975) Atti Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei 58 (2): 605-607. "New observations on the alkaloid composition of hallucinogenic snuff drugs yopo and epéna." [Dino Grossa, Franco Delle Monache, Franco Ferrari & G.B. Marini-Bettolo.]
  • Guchhait, R.B. (1976) Journal of Neurochemistry 26: 187-190. "Biogenesis of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine in human pineal gland."
  • Gunn, J.A. (1935) Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. 50: 379-396. "Relations between chemical constitution, pharmacological actions, and therapeutic uses, in the harmine group of alkaloids."
  • Gunn, J.A. (1930) Q. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 3: 1-20. "The pharmacological actions of tetrahydroharmine."
  • Gunther, R.T. (1934) The Greek Herbal of Dioscorides. Oxford University Press 1934.
  • Hagman, J.L. et al. (1975) Crop Science 15: 41-43. "Alkaloid concentration in plant parts of reed canary grass of varying maturity." (J.L. Hagman, G.C. Marten, & A.W. Hovin)
  • Hahn et al. (1934) Ber 67B, 2031
  • Hahn et al. (1938) Ber 71B: 2163, 2175
  • Halpern, L. (1930) Deut. Med. Wochenschrift. 56: 1252-1254. "Ueber die Harminwirkung im Selbstversuch."
  • Hamilton, Clement W. (1989)a Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 76(1): 67-111. "A revision of Mesoamerican Psychotria subgenus Psychotria (Rubiaceae), part I: Introduction and Species 1-16."
  • Hamilton, Clement W. (1989)b Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 76(2): 386-429. "A revision of Mesoamerican Psychotria subgenus Psychotria (Rubiaceae), part II: Species 17-47."
  • Hamilton, Clement W. (1989)c Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 76: 886-916. "A revision of Mesoamerican Psychotria subgenus Psychotria (Rubiaceae), part II: Species 48-61."
  • Hammerman, A.F. (1930) Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Colon. 10: 600. "Le Yagé en Amazonie."
  • Harner, Michael J. (1973) "Common Themes in South American Indian Yagé Experiences." pp. 155-175 in Harner (Ed.) (1972).
  • Harner, Michael J. (1973) Hallucinogens and Shamanism: The Question of a Trans-Cultural Experience. pp. 151-154 in Harner (Ed.) (1972).
  • Harner, Michael J. (1973) "In the primitive world: The upper Amazon." pp. 1-7 in Harner (Ed.) (1972).
  • Harner, Michael J. (Ed) (1973) Hallucinogens and Shamanism. New York/ Oxford University Press 1973. ISBN 0-19-501649-1.
  • Harvey & Robinson (1938) JCS 97
  • Hasenfratz, V. (1927) Annales de Chimie 10 (7): 151-226. "Recherches sur la Harmaline et la Harmine."
  • Hashimoto, Yoshei & Kazuko Kawanishi (1975) Phytochemistry 14: 1633-1635. "New Organic Bases from Amazonian Banisteriopsis caapi."
  • Hashimoto, Yoshei & Kazuko Kawanishi (1976) Phytochemistry 15: 1559-1560. "New Alkaloids from Banisteriopsis caapi."
  • Heacock, R.A. & Janet E. Forrest (1973) Journal of Chromatography 78: 241-250 "The use of electron-acceptor reagents for the detection of some hallucinogens."
  • Heinzelman, R.V. & J. Szmuszkovicz (1963) Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung [aka Progress in Drug Research] 6: 75-150. "Recent studies in the field of indole compounds."
  • Henman, Anthony Richard (1986) América Indigena 46 (1): 219-234. "Use del ayahuasca en un contexto autoritario: El caso de la União do Vegetal en Brasil."
  • Herzog, T. (1929) Arch. Pharm. 267: 390-400. "Ueber einige im Heimatlande arzneilich benutze bolivianische Drogen. II. Botanischpharmakognostische Untersuchung."
  • Hitchcock (1893) Annual Report of the Missouri Botanical Garden 4: 95.
  • Hitchcock, A.S. (1950) Manual of the Grasses of the United States. Second edition. Revised by Agnes Chase. United States Department of Agriculture. Miscellaneous Publication No. 200. USGPO.
  • Ho, Beng T. (1977) "Pharmacological and Biochemical Studies with β-Carboline Analogs" pp. 151-177, (Ch. 6), in: Current Developments in Psychopharmacology, Volume 4. Walter B. Essman & L. Valzelli (ed.) Spectrum Publications, Inc.
  • Ho, B.T. et al. (1970)a Brain Research 22: 397-401. "[3H]Harmaline distribution in monkey brain; pharmacological and autoradiographic study." [Beng T. Ho, G. Edward Fritchie, J.E. Idänpään-Heikkilä & William M. McIsaac]
  • Ho, B.T. et al. (1970)b Psychopharmacologia 16: 385-394. "Biological Activities of Some 5-Substituted N,N-Dimethyltryptamines, a-Methyltryptamines and Gramines." [Beng T. Ho, William M. McIsaac, Rong An, Robert T. Harris, K.E. Walker, Patricia M. Kralik & Mauno M. Airaksinen]
  • Ho et al. (1971) Biochem. Pharmacol. 20: 1313
  • Hochstein et al. (1955) JACS 77: 3551.
  • Hochstein, F.A. & Anita M. Paradies (1957) Journal of the American Chemical Society 79: 5735-5736. "Alkaloids of Banisteria [sic] caapi and Prestonia amazonicum." [Work performed using poorly identified material; lacking herbarium vouchers.]
  • Hocking, G.M. (1966) Quarterly Journal of Crude Drug Research 6 (4): 913-916. "Harmalae Semen."
  • Hofmann (1971) Sv. Farm. Tidskr. 75: 933 [CA (1972) 76: 149609g]
  • Holmstedt, Bo (1982) "Betacarbolines and Tetrahydroisoquinolines. Historical and Ethnopharmacological Background." pp. 3-13 in F.E. Bloom (1982).
  • Holmstedt, Bo & Jan-Erik Lindgren (1967) "Chemical Constituents and Pharmacology of South American Snuffs." pp. 339-373, in: Ethnopharmacological Search For Psychoactive Drugs. United States Government Printing Office, Publication #1645.
  • Hooper. D. & H. Field (1937) Field Museum Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser. 9: 69-241. "Useful plants and drugs of Iran and Iraq."
  • Hopp, K.H. et al. 1976) Lloydia 39: 375-377. "In vitro antitrypanosomal activity of certain alkaloids against Trypanosoma lewisi." [K.H. Hopp, L.V. Cunningham, M.C. Bromel, L.J. Schermeister & S.K.Wahba Kahlil]
  • Hortus Third refers to Bailey, Liberty Hyde & Ethyl Zoe Bailey (1976) Hortus Third. A Concise Dictionary of Plants Cultivated in the United States and Canada. Revised and expanded by the staff of the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc., New York/ Collier MacMillan Publishers, London.
  • Hoshikawa, Hideo (1962) Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 58: 241-260 [CA (1964) 60: 7338e-g.]
  • Hovin, A.W. & G.C. Marten (1975) Crop Science 15: 705-707. "Distribution of Specific Alkaloids in Reed Canarygrass Cultivars."
  • Hovin, A.W. et al. (1980) Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica 30: 211-215. "Alkaloids in Reed Canarygrass Grown in Norway and the USA." (A.W. Hovin, Y. Solberg & K. Myhr)
  • Hsü et al. (1982) The Chemical Constituents of Oriental Herbs (says "The Chemical Constituents of Oriental Drugs" on the spine) [Hong-Yen Hsü, Yuh-Pan Chen & Mina Hong] Oriental Healing Arts Institute 1982. ISBN# 9-941942-11-2
  • Hugh-Jones, S. (1979) The Palm and the Pleiades: Initiation and Cosmology in the Northwest Amazonia. Cambridge University Press.
  • Hultin, Eskil (1965) Acta Chemica Scandinavica 19: 1431-1434. "Partition Coefficients of Ether-extractable Passionflower Alkaloids."
  • Hussian et al. (1979) J. Nat. Prod. 15: 525
  • Iacobucci, Guillermo A. & Edmundo A. Rúveda (1964) Phytochemistry 3: 465-467. "Bases Derived from Tryptamine in Argentine Piptadenia species."
  • Ivanov et al. (1965) Farmatsiya (Sofia) 15: 164 [CA (1965) 63:16127b]
  • Ivanov et al. (1965) Farmatsiya 15: 503
  • Iyer & Joshi 1975 are missing from reference list
  • Iyer, V.V.S. & R. Robinson (1934) JCS 1635.
  • Izmailov & Shraiber (1938) Farmotsiya I. Farmakol, No. 4, 8; (1938) Chem. Centr. II, 3276.
  • Jacquin, Nickolaus Joseph von, (1891) Revisio Generum Plantarum 2: 959.
  • Janiger, Oscar & Marlene Dobkin de Rios (1975) Economic Botany 30: 149-151. "Nicotiana an Hallucinogen?"
  • Johns et al. (1967) Austr. J. Chem.20: 1737.
  • Jørgensen, Peter M. & Susana León-Yánez (eds.) (1999) Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador (Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1182)
  • Jussieu, A. (1840) Annales des Sciences Naturelles; Botanique sér. 2, 13: 262 (Tetrapterys styloptera)
  • Kamel, S.H. et al. (1970) United Arab Republic Journal of Veterinary Science 7: 61-68
  • Kan-Fan, C. et al. (1970) Phytochemistry 9: 1283-1291. "Alcaloïdes de Vepris ampody, (Rutacées)." [Christiane Kan-Fan, Bhupesh C. Das, Pierre Boiteau & Pierre Potier]
  • Karsten, Rafael (1920) Act. Acad. Aboensis Hum. Abb. 1: 39. "Beiträge zur Sittengeschichte der südamerikanischen Indianer. II. Berauschende und narkotische Getränke unter den Indianern Südamerikas."
  • Karsten, Rafael (1920) Bol. Soc. Ecuatoriana Estudios Hist. Am. 11: 325. "Mitos de los indios jibaros (Shuara) del Oriente del Ecuador."
  • Karsten, Rafael (1947) La Religion de los Indios Jibaros del Ecuador Oriental. Biblioteca Ecuadoriana de "Ultimoas Noticias", Quito.
  • Kashimov, K. et al. (1971) Khimija Prirodnykh Soedinenij 7: 382 [See Khashimov]
  • Katz, Richard (1982/1985) Num-Heilen in Ekstace. Interlaken: Ansata-Verlag
  • Kawanishi, K. et al. (1982) Journal of Natural Products 45: 637-639. "Shinunine and Dihydroshihunine from Banisteriopsis caapi." [Kazuko Kawanishi, Yukiko Uhara & Yoshei Hashimoto]
  • Kawanishi, K. et al. (1985) Phytochemistry 24 (6): 1373-1375. "Alkaloids From the Hallucinogenic Plant Virola sebifera." [K. Kawanishi, Y. Uhara & Y. Hashimoto]
  • Keller, O. & Franz Gottauf (1929) Archiv der Pharmazie 267: 373-390. "Ueber einige im Heimatlande arzneilich benutzte bolivianische Drogen. I. Chemische Untersuchung."
  • Kensinger, K.M. (1973) "Banisteriopsis Usage Among the Peruvian Cashinahua." pp. 9-14, in Harner (Ed.) (1972). Also given as Kensinger (1971) Paper prepared for annual meeting of American Anthropological Association. Held in Seattle, Washington, Nov., 22, 1968. Part of symposium entitled "Hallucinogens and Shamanism."
  • Khashimov et al. (1971) Khim. Prir. Soedin. 7: 382
  • Khashimov, H.N. et al. (1971) Chemistry of Natural Products 3: 364-365
  • Koblicová, Z. & J. Trojánek (1965) in Symposium über die Chemie und Stereochemie der Steroid und Indolalkaloid, Smolenice, CSSR
  • Koblicová, Z. & J. Trojánek (1966) Chemistry and Industry 1342. "The Absolute Configuration of (+)-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroharmine."
  • Koch-Grünberg, Theodor (1908) Antropos 3: 83, 124, 297-333, 924-928. "Die Hianokoto: Umaua."
  • Koch-Grünberg, Theodor (1909) Zwei Jahre unter den Indianern 1: 298.
  • Koch-Grünberg, Theodor (1923) Vom Roroima zum Orinoco. Verlag Strecker und Schröder, Stuttgart. 3: pages 386.
  • Kurbanov & Zharekeev (1974) Khim. Prir. Soedin. 5: 685
  • Kusel, H. (1965) Psychedelic Review 6: 58-63. "Ayahuasca Drinkers Among the Chama Indians."
  • Kutlu & Amal (1967) Istanbul Üniversitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi Mecmuasi 3: 133-147
  • Lal, S.D. & B.K. Yadav (1983) Economic Botany 37 (3): 299-305. "Folk Medicines of Kurukshetra District (Haryana), India."
  • Lamarre, Y. & L.A. Mercier (1971) Canadian J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 49: 1049-1058. "Neurophysiological studies of harmaline-induced tremor in the cat."
  • Lamarre, Y. & L.A. Mercier (1972) Rev. canad. Biol. 31, Supplément du Printemps 181-191. "Étude neurophysiologique du tremblement à l'harmaline chez le chat."
  • Lamarre, Y. et al. (1971) Brain Research 32: 246-250. "Harmaline-induced rhythmic activity of cerebellar and lower brain stem neurons." [Y. Lamarre, C. De Montigny, M. Dumont & M. Weiss]
  • Langdon, E. Jean (1986) América Indigena 46 (1): 101-116. "Las clasificaciones del yajé dentro del grupo Siona: Etnobotánica, etnoquímica e historia."
  • Langdon, E. Jean Matteson & Gerhard Baer (Eds.) (1992) Portals of Power. Shamanism in South America. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. ISBN 0-8263-1345-0
  • Information was drawn from:
  • Baer, Gerhard "The One Intoxicated by Tobacco."
  • Buchillet, Dominique "Nobody is there to here."
  • Illius, Bruno "Nihue among the Shipibo-Conibo."
  • Langdon, E. Jean Mattheson "Dau: Shamanic Power in Siona Religion."
  • Luna, Luis Eduardo "Icaros. Magic Melodies Among the Mestizo Shamans of the Peruvian Amazon."
  • Langer, S.Z. et al. (1984) European Journal of Pharmacology 102: 379-380. "Possible endocrine role of the pineal gland for 6-methoxytetrahydro-β-carboline, a putative endogenous neuromodulator of the [3H]imipramine recognition site." [S.Z. Langer, C.R. Lee, A. Segnozac, T. Tateishi, H. Esnaud, H. Schoemaker & B. Winblad]
  • Lazur'evskii & Terent'eva (1976) Heterocycles 4: 1783.
  • Leal, Mirna Bainy & Elaine Elisabetsky (1996)a International Journal of Pharmacognosy 34 (4) Pages??? "Opioid-like activity of Psychotria brachypoda." COMPLETE MISSING DATA zzz
  • Leal, Mirna Bainy & Elaine Elisabetsky (1996)b Journal of Ethnopharmacology 54: 37-40. "Absence of alkaloids in Psychotria carthagenensis Jacq. (Rubiaceae)."
  • Lee, H.J. & R.E. Kuchel (1953)a Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 4 (1): 88-99. "The Aetiology of Phalaris staggers in sheep. I. Preliminary observations on the preventative role of cobalt."
  • Lee, H.J. & R.E. Kuchel (1953)b J. Dep. Agric. S. Austr. 56: 493. "Investigational work on Phalaris staggers in sheep." In "A symposium on Phalaris tuberosa and phalaris staggers in sheep and cattle." From Lee et al. (1956)
  • Lee, H.J. et al. (1956) Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 7 (4): 333-344. "The Aetiology of Phalaris Staggers in Sheep. II. The Toxicity to Sheep of Three Types of Pasturage Containing Phalaris tuberosa ." [H.J. Lee, R.E. Kuchel & R.F. Trowbridge]
  • Legler, Günter & Rudolf Tschesche (1963) Naturwissenschaften 50 (3): 94-95. "Die Isolierung von N-Methyltryptamin, 5-Methoxy-N-methyltryptamin und 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamin aus der Rinde von Piptadenia peregrina Benth." ["The isolation of N-Methyltryptamine, 5-Methoxy-N-methyltryptamine und 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine from the bark of Piptadenia peregrina."]
  • Lemlij, M. (1965) "Del Uso de Psicodilépticos en la Selva Perúana."; pp. 195-207 in, Perú, Sanidad del Gobierno y Policía.
  • Lesch, K.P. et al. (1993) Molecular Brain Research 17: 31-35. "Regional brain expression of serotonin transporter mRNA and its regulation by reuptake inhibiting antidepressants." [K.P. Lesch, C.S. Aulakh, B.L. Wolozin, T.J. Tolliver, J.L. Hill & D.L. Murphy]
  • Lessin, A.W. et al. (1967) British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy 29: 70-79. "The Central Stimulant Properties of Some Substituted Indolylalkylamines and β-Carbolines and Their Activities as Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidase and The Uptake of 5-Hydroxytryptamine." [A.W. Lessin, R.F. Long & M.W. Parkes]
  • Leuner, H. & M. Schlichtung (1989) "A report on the symposium `On the current state of research in the area of psychoactive substances'" pp. 213-240 in C. Rätsch (ed.) Gateway to Inner Space: Sacred Plants, Mysticism and Psychotherapy _ A Festschrift in Honor of Albert Hofmann. Prism Press, Bridport, England. (From Ott 1996)
  • Lewin, Louis (1888) Naunyn Schmiedeberg's Archiv für Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie 24: 401-411. "XXVII. Ueber Anhalonium Lewinii."
  • Lewin, Louis (1928) Naunyn Schmiedeberg's Archiv für Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie 129: 133-149. "Untersuchungen uber Banisteria Caapi Spr. (Ein Sudamerikanisches Rauschmittel)"
  • Lewin, Louis (1928) Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. 186: 469-471. "Sur une substance enivrante, la banisterine, extraite de Banisteria caapí."
  • Lewin, Louis (1929) Banisteria caapi: Ein Neues Rauschgift und Heilmittel.
  • Lewis, G.P. (1987) Legumes of Bahia
  • Lewis, G.P. (1991) KEW Bulletin 46(1): 159-168 "Five new taxa of Piptadenia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) from Brazil."
  • Lewis, W.H. & M. Elvin-Lewis (1990) Economic Botany 44: 131-133. "Obstetrical Use of the Parasitic Fungus Balansis cyperi by Amazon Jivaro Women."
  • Lippke, K.P. et al. (1983) Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 26: 499-503. "β-Carbolines as benzodiazepine receptor ligands. 1. Synthesis and benzodiazepine receptor interaction of esters of β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid." [K.P. Lippke, W.G. Schunack, W. Wenning & W.E. Müller]
  • Liu, K.-C. et al. (1977) Chemistry (The Chinese Chemical Society, Taiwan) [Hua Hsueh] 1: 15-16. "Studies on the Constituents of the Cortex Radicis of Acacia confusa." (Literature translation of title)/ "Study of the Composition of the Rootbark of the `Thoughtful Tree'." (Our translator's version of title) [Kao-Chu Liu, Cheng-Jen Chou & Jer-Huei Lin]
  • Liwszyc, G.E. et al. (1992) Journal of Ethnopharmacology 36 (1): 91-92. "Daime_A ritual herbal potion." (G.E. Liwszyc, E. Vuori, I. Rasanen & J. Issakainen)
  • Llinás, R. & U. Ribary (1992) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 2078-2081. "Coherent 40-Hz oscillation characterizes dream state in humans." [from Don et al. 1998]
  • Llinás, R. & R.A. Volkind (1972) Federation Proceedings 31: 901 (abstract). "Repetitive climbing fiber activation of Purkinje cells in the cat cerebellum following administration of harmaline."
  • Llinas, R. & R.A. Volkind 1973 Experimental Brain Research 18: 69-87. "The olivo-cerebellar system: Functional properties as revealed by harmaline-induced tremor."
  • Loehdefink & Kating (1974) Planta Medica 25: 101.
  • López Guillén, J.E. & I.K. De Cornelio (1974)a Biota 10: 28-56 "Medicinal Plants of Peru. Part 4." from McKenna et al. 1986.
  • López Guillén, J.E. & I.K. De Cornelio (1974)b Biota 10: 76-104 "Medicinal Plants of Peru. Part 5." from McKenna et al. 1986.
  • Love & Weir was mentioned by Rendig. No further details were given.
  • Lowry, B. (1987) Economic Botany 41 (3): 450-452. "Caapi revisited_In Christianity."
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  • Luna, Luis Eduardo (1984)a Journal of Ethnopharmacology 11(2): 123-133. "The Healing Practices of a Peruvian Shaman."
  • Luna, Luis Eduardo (1984)b Journal of Ethnopharmacology 11(2): 135-156. "The Concept of Plants as Teachers Among Four Mestizo Shamans of Iquitos, Northeastern Peru." See also Padilla 1984.
  • Luna, Luis Eduardo (1986)a América Indigena 46 (1): 235-245. "Bibliografía sobre el ayahuasca."
  • Luna, Luis Eduardo (1986)b América Indigena 46 (1): 247-251. "Apéndices."
  • Luna, Luis Eduardo (1986)c Vegetalismo. Shamanismo among the mestizo population of the Peruvian Amazon. Stockholm Studies in Comparative Religion, vol. 27, Stockholm (Almquist & Wilksell Int.).
  • Luna, Luis Eduardo (1992) "Icaros. Magic Melodies Among the Mestizo Shamans of the Peruvian Amazon." See in Langdon & Gerhard.
  • Luna, Luis Eduardo & P. Amaringo (1991) Ayahuasca Visions: The Religious Iconography of a Peruvian Shaman. North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, California.
  • Lutomski (1959) Biul. Inst. Rosl. Lecz. 5: 169
  • Lutomski (1959) Biul. Inst. Rosl. Lecz. 5: 182
  • Lutomski (1960) Biul. Inst. Roslin Leczniczych. 6: 209-219. "Isolation of the major alkaloids from Passiflora incarnata L." CA (1961) 55: 21479. also 54: 16751
  • Lutomski, J. & B. Malek (1975) Planta Medica 27 (3): 222-225. "Pharmakochemische Untersuchungen von Drogen der Gattung Passiflora. 3. Mitteilung: Phytochemische Forschung der Drogen aus Passiflora edulis forma flavicarpa."/ "Pharmacochemical Investigations on Raw Materials Genus Passiflora. 3. Phytochemical Investigations on Raw materials of Passiflora edulis forma flavicarpa."
  • Lutomski & Nowicka (1968) Herba Pol. 14: 235-238
  • Lutomski et al. (1967) Herba Pol. 13: 44-52
  • Lutomski et al. (1967) Herba Pol. 13: 103.
  • Lutomski et al. (1967) Herba Pol. 13: 171
  • Lutomski, J. et al. (1968) Herba Pol. 14: 139-147. "Simple carboline alkaloids V. Comparative analysis of basic constituents of Passiflora incarnata from greenhouses and field cultures." [J. Lutomski, M. Adamska & M. Jaruzelski]
  • Lutomski et al. (1975) Planta Medica 27 (2): 112-121. "Pharmacochemical Investigation of the Raw Materials From Passiflora Genus. 2. The pharmacochemical estimation of juices from the fruits of Passiflora edulis and Passiflora edulis forma flavicarpa." [J. Lutomski, B. Malek & L. Rybacka]
  • Macbride, Francis J. (1936) Rubiaceae, Flora of Peru (Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Series 13(6/1): 3-261)
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  • Majak, W. & R.J. Bose (1977) Phytochemistry 16: 749-752. "Further characterization and quantitative determination of 5-methoxy-N-methyltryptamine in Phalaris arundinacea."
  • Majak, W. et al. (1978) Phytochemistry 17: 301-303. "TLC luminescence of gramine and related indole alkaloids in Phalaris arundinacea." [Walter Majak, Ruth E. McDiarmid & Robert J. Bose]
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  • MAPS (1990) MAPS Bulletin. Fall Issue. "Dr. Nichols Confirms the Prozac Blocks MDMA Neurotoxicity." [The note on this protective effect being exerted when administered up to 6 hours after the fact was from personal communication from Rick Doblin to the editor of the Entheogen Review in the summer of 1998.]
  • Marini-Bettòlo, G.B. & Juan A. Coch Frugoni (1956) Gazzeta Chimica Italiana 86: 1324-1331. "Influenza del pH nella separazione elettroforetica su carta degli alcaloidi." ["The influence of pH on the electrophoretic separation of alkaloids on paper."] [CA (1958) 52: 653c ] [From paper presented to the XV Congresso di Chimica Pura e Applicata - Lisbona, 8-16 settembre, 1956]
  • Marini-Bettòlo, G.B. & Juan A. Coch Frugoni (1958) Rendiconti. Istituto Superiore di Sanità 21: 319-327 [cf. CA 49, 1280e] "Influenza del pH nella separazione elettroforetica su carta degli alcaloidi." [CA (1959) 53: 1633] [From paper presented to the XV Congresso di Chimica Pura e Applicata - Lisbona, 8-16 settembre, 1956]
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  • McKenna, Dennis J. et al. (1984)a Journal of Ethnopharmacology 10 (2): 195-223. "Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in South American hallucinogenic plants: tryptamine and β-carboline constituents of ayahuasca." [Dennis J. McKenna, G.H.N. Towers & F. Abbott]
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  • McKenna, D. J. et al. (1986) América Indigena 46(1): 73-99. "Ingredientes biodinamicos en las plantas que se mezclan al ayahuasca. Una farmacopea tradicional no investigada." [Dennis J. McKenna, L.E. Luna & G.H.N. Towers]
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  • Mitchelson 1997 THIS REFERENCE IS MISSING!!!!!!
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  • Mulga at http://www.lycaeum.org/drugs/plants/
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  • Mulvena, Dawn P. & Michael Slaytor (1982) Journal of Chromatography 245:155-157. "Separation of tryptophan derivatives in Phalaris aquatica by thin layer chromatography."
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