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Nichols DE, Oberlender R.
“Structure-activity relationships of MDMA and related compounds: a new class of psychoactive drugs?”.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;600:612-23; discussion 6.
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Abstract
The stimulus properties of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-like compounds were studied in rats trained to discriminate saline from (+)-N-methyl-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-butanamine [(+)-MBDB] hydrochloride (7.18 mumol/kg; 1.75 mg/kg), the alpha-ethyl homolog of MDMA. In previous experiments with (+)-MBDB as a test drug, complete substitution was observed for MDMA but not for (+)-lysergic acid diethylamide or (+)-amphetamine. In the study reported here, the (+)-MBDB cue generalized to MDMA and the parent drug, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine. All three drugs exhibited a similar stereoselectivity, the (+)-isomer having potency greater than the (-)-isomer. By contrast, the hallucinogens, (+)-lysergic acid diethylamide, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine and mescaline and the psychostimulants (+)-amphetamine and (+)-methamphetamine did not substitute for (+)-MBDB. Cocaine produced partial substitution. The results support the hypothesis that the primary behavioral activity of MDMA-like compounds is unlike that of hallucinogens and stimulants and may represent the effects of a novel drug class, given the name entactogens. Although the mechanism of action for the discriminative stimulus properties of MDMA-like compounds is not known, there is evidence that presynaptic serotonergic, but not dopaminergic, mechanisms are critical. Finally, 5,6-methylenedioxy-2-aminoindan a non-neurotoxic 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine rigid analog that was previously found to substitute for MDMA but not for (+)-lysergic acid diethylamide was found in the study described here to substitute completely for (+)-MBDB. The N-methyl derivative 5,6-methylenedioxy-2-methylminoindan produced similar results. The demonstration of entactogen-like discriminative stimulus properties, for drugs devoid of neuronal degenerative toxicity potential, serves as evidence of the independent mechanisms for these effects in rats.
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