Ayahuasca: alkaloids, plants & analogs
Section 3 : Part 2 :
Phalaris arundinacea
A look at some selected reports
It should be noted that material marked D+M or M may contain either 5-MeO-MMT or 5-MeO-DMT or both. No breakdown was attempted. In the case of Marten et al. 1974 (ref. 5b) all values were generated as mean averages and harvests were not at optimum times.
Abbreviations and definitions
Table headings are also located at the end of the table.
Phalaris aquatica
| Clone # or name | Date/ Place of harvest | Age/ Type of growth | Alkaloid(s) | % as dry wt. | % of total alk. | total alk. (dry wt.) | Ref |
| Phalaris arundinacea | |||||||
| 4-8 | Regrowth; mean | D+M | 0.24-0.41 | 5b | |||
| 5-1 | Regrowth; mean | D+M | 0.02-0.10 | 5b | |||
| 6-6 See as Phalaris arundinacea P.I. 209979 Siberia | |||||||
| 11-4 | Regrowth; mean | D+M | 0.06-0.19 | 5b | |||
| 14-2 See as Phalaris arundinacea P.I. 234697 Denmark | |||||||
| 19-71 See as Phalaris arundinacea P.I. 235547 Sweden | |||||||
| 28-4 | Regrowth; mean | D | 0.10-0.14 | 5b | |||
| 32-4 | Regrowth; mean | D+M | ? | 5b | |||
| 32-10 | Regrowth; mean | D+M | 0.34-0.62 | 5b | |||
| 41-1 | Regrowth; mean | D+M | 0.35-0.42 | 5b | |||
| 108-31 7 | June 1971 Minnesota | First growth7 (54 days) | M | 0.22% | 5a | ||
| 108-3 | 7 June 1971 Pennsylvania | First growth7 (49days) | M | 0.16% | 5a | ||
| 108-3 | 23 Aug, 1971 Alaska | First growth7 (77 days) | M | 0.50% | 5a | ||
| 108-3 | 11 July 1971 Minnesota | First regrowth7 (34 days) | M | 0.61% | 5a | ||
| 108-3 | 17 July 1970 Minnesota | First regrowth7 (34 days) | D+M | 0.92% | 5a | ||
| 108-3 | 21 July 1970 Indiana | First regrowth7 (42 days) | D+M | 1.19% | 5a | ||
| 108-3 | 30 Aug. 1970 Minnesota | First regrowth7 (46 days) | D+M | 1.05% | 5a | ||
| 108-3 | 2 Sept. 1970 Indiana | First regrowth7 (43 days) | M | 0.91% | 5a | ||
| 108-3 | 23 Aug, 1971 Pennsylvania | First regrowth7 (77 days) | M | 0.59% | 5a | ||
| 108-3 | 15 Nov, 1969 Minnesota | First regrowth7 (58 days) | GR D+M | 0.67% | 5a | ||
| 108-3 | 26 Aug, 1971 Minnesota | Second regrowth7 (46 days) | M | 0.84% | 5a | ||
| 255-101 | 7 June 1971 Minnesota | First growth7 (54 days) | M | 0.17% | 5a | ||
| 255-10 | 7 June 1971 Pennsylvania | First growth7 (49 days) | M | 0.20% | 5a | ||
| 255-10 | 23 Aug, 1971 Alaska | First growth7 (77 days) | M | 0.47% | 5a | ||
| 255-10 | 17 July 1970 Minnesota | First regrowth7 (34 days) | D+M | 0.90% | 5a | ||
| 255-10 | 27 June Indiana | First regrowth | Hordenine Gramine MMT DMT Unknown 1 5-MeO-MMT 5-MeO-DMT Unknown 2 Unknown 3 | 65 trace 0.3 0.1 trace 863 absent | 0.91% | 11 | |
| 255-10 | 11 July 1971 Minnesota | First regrowth7 (34 days) | M | 0.69% | 5a | ||
| 255-10 | 21 July 1970 Indiana | First regrowth7 (42 days) | D+M | 0.95% | 5a | ||
| 255-10 | 23 Aug, 1971 Pennsylvania | First regrowth7 (77 days) | M | 0.56% | 5a | ||
| 255-10 | 30 Aug. 1970 Minnesota | First regrowth7 (46 days) | D+M | 0.89% | 5a | ||
| 255-10 | 2 Sept. 1970 Indiana | First regrowth7 (43 days) | M | 0.70% | 5a | ||
| 255-10 | 15 Nov, 1969 Minnesota | First regrowth7 (58 days) GR | D+M | 0.53% | 5a | ||
| 255-10 | 26 Aug, 1971 Minnesota | Second regrowth7 (46 days) | M | 0.80% | 5a | ||
| 263-81 | 17 July 1970 Minnesota | First regrowth7 (34 days) | D+M | 0.27% | 5a | ||
| 263-8 | 21 July 1970 Indiana | First regrowth7 (42 days) | D+M | 0.33% | 5a | ||
| 263-8 | 30 Aug. 1970 Minnesota | First regrowth7 (46 days) | D+M | 0.28% | 5a | ||
| 263-8 | 2 Sept. 1970 Indiana | First regrowth7 (43 days) | D+M | 0.25% | 5a | ||
| 263-8 | 15 Nov, 1969 Minnesota | First regrowth7 (58 days) GR | D+M | 0.12% | 5a | ||
| 329-81 | 17 July 1970 Minnesota | First regrowth7 (34 days) | D+M | 0.33% | 5a | ||
| 329-8 | 21 July 1970 Indiana | First regrowth7 (42 days) | D+M | 0.39% | 5a | ||
| 329-8 | 30 Aug. 1970 Minnesota | First regrowth7 (46 days) | D+M | 0.36% | 5a | ||
| 329-8 | 2 Sept. 1970 Indiana | First regrowth7 (43 days) | M | 0.29% | 5a | ||
| 369-321 [AKA R16] | 3-4 week old regrowth | DMT 2-Me-THβC | "Large" trace | 4 | |||
| 405-921 [AKA R5] | 3-4 week old regrowth | DMT 2-Me-THβC | "Large" trace | 4 | |||
| 405-9 | 27 June Indiana | First regrowth | Hordenine Gramine MMT DMT Unknown 1 5-MeO-M 5-MeO-D Unknown 2 Unknown 3 | 10 4 trace 0.3 0.3 trace 81 3 2 | 0.65% | 11 | |
| 405-9 | 17 July 1970 Minnesota | First regrowth7 (34 days) | D+M | 0.56% | 5a | ||
| 405-9 | 21 July 1970 Indiana | First regrowth7 (42 days) | D+M | 0.64% | 5a | ||
| 405-9 | 30 Aug. 1970 Minnesota | First regrowth7 (46 days) | D+M | 0.67% | 5a | ||
| 405-9 | 2 Sept. 1970 Indiana | First regrowth7 (43 days) | M | 0.54% | 5a | ||
| 405-9 | 15 Nov, 1969 Minnesota | First regrowth 7 (58 days) GR | D+M | 0.67% | 5a | ||
| 429-31 | 7 June 1971 Minnesota | First growth7 (54 days) | M | 0.09% | 5a | ||
| 429-3 | 7 June 1971 Pennsylvania | First growth7(49 days) | M | 0.09% | 5a | ||
| 429-3 | 23 Aug, 1971 Alaska | First growth7 (77 days) | M | 0.45% | 5a | ||
| 429-3 | 17 July 1970 Minnesota | First regrowth7 (34 days) | D+M | 0.75% | 5a | ||
| 429-3 | 21 July 1970 Indiana | First regrowth7 (42 days) | D+M | 0.84% | 5a | ||
| 429-3 | 23 Aug, 1971 Pennsylvania | First regrowth7 (77 days) | M | 0.41% | 5a | ||
| 429-3 | 30 Aug. 1970 Minnesota | First regrowth7 (46 days | D+M | 0.80% | 5a | ||
| 429-3 | 2 Sept. 1970 Indiana | First regrowth7 (43 days) | M | 0.74% | 5a | ||
| 429-3 | 11 July 1971 Minnesota | First regrowth7 (34 days) | M | 0.55% | 5a | ||
| 429-3 | 15 Nov, 1969 Minnesota | First regrowth7 (58 days) GR | D+M | 0.57% | 5a | ||
| 429-3 | 26 Aug, 1971
Minnesota | Second regrowth7 (46 days) | M | 0.62% | 5a | ||
| 6049 | 17 July 1970 Minnesota | First regrowth7 (34 days) | D+M | 0.32% | 5a | ||
| 6049 | 21 July 1970 Indiana | First regrowth7 (42 days) | D+M | 0.31% | 5a | ||
| 6049 | 30 Aug. 1970 Minnesota | First regrowth7 (46 days) | D+M | 0.33% | 5a | ||
| 6049 | 2 Sept. 1970 Indiana | First regrowth7 (43 days) | D+M | 0.24% | 5a | ||
| 6049 | 15 Nov, 1969 Minnesota | First regrowth7 (58 days) GR | D+M | 0.22% | 5a | ||
| 6332 | 19626 | First growth Seed shattering | 5-MeO-DMT DMT | trace trace | 2 | ||
| 6332 | 7 June 1971 Minnesota | First growth7 (54 days) | M | 0.05% | 5a | ||
| 6332 | 7 June 1971 Pennsylvania | First growth7 (49 days) | M | 0.03% | 5a | ||
| 6332 | 23 Aug, 1971 Alaska | First growth7 (77 days) | M | 0.14% | 5a | ||
| 6332 | 19626 | Firstregrowth Latejointing | 5-MeO-DMT DMT | 0.038(±0.003) 0.006(±0.001) | 2 | ||
| 6332 | 19636 | First regrowth Late jointing | 5-MeO-DMT DMT | 0.067 (± 0.002) 0.015 (± 0.001) | 2 | ||
| 6332 | 11 July 1971 Minnesota | First regrowth7 (34 days) | M | 0.22% | 5a | ||
| 6332 | 17 July 1970 Minnesota | First regrowth7 (34 days) | D+M | 0.22% | 5a | ||
| 6332 | 21 July 1970 Indiana | First regrowth7 (42 days) | D+M | 0.42% | 5a | ||
| 6332 | 23 Aug, 1971 Pennsylvania | First regrowth7 (77 days) | M | 0.13% | 5a | ||
| 6332 | 30 Aug. 1970 Minnesota | First regrowth7 (46 days) | D+M | 0.28% | 5a | ||
| 6332 | 2 Sept. 1970 Indiana | First regrowth7 (43 days) | D+M | 0.29% | 5a | ||
| 6332 | 15 Nov. 1969 Minnesota | First regrowth7 (58 days) GR | D+M | 0.17% | 5a | ||
| 6332 | Nov, 1969 | Not given. GR (regrowth?) | 5-MeO-DMT DMT | 0.15 0.02 | 0.17% [Total alkaloid identified] | 2 | |
| 6332 | Jan, 1970 | Not given. GR (regrowth?) | na | na na | 0.17% [Total base present] | 2 | |
| 6332 | 19636 | ate jointing. Second regrowth | 5-MeO-DMT DMT | 0.046 (± 0.004) 0.008 (± 0.001) | 2 | ||
| 6332 | 26 Aug, 1971 Minnesota | Second regrowth7 (46 days) | M | 0.20% | 5a | ||
| 6049 | 19626 | First growth Seed shattering | 5-MeO-DMT DMT | trace none | 2 | ||
| 6049 | 19626 | First regrowth Late jointing | 5-MeO-DMT DMT | 0.036 (± 0.003) 0.010 (± 0.000) | 2 | ||
| 6049 | 19636 | First regrowth Late jointing | 5-MeO-DMT DMT | 0.056 (± 0.002) 0.013 (± 0.001) | 2 | ||
| 6049 | 19636 | Second regrowth Late jointing | 5-MeO-DMT DMT | 0.032 (± 0.001) 0.011 (± 0.001) | 2 | ||
| 6049 | November 1969 | Not given Greenhouse | 5-MeO-DMT DMT | 0.20 0.02 | 0.22% [Total alkaloid ident.] | 2 | |
| 6049 | January 1970 | Not given Greenhouse | 5-MeO-DMT DMT | na na | 0.24% [Total base present] | 2 | |
| P.I. 172443 Turkey | US | 5-MeO-DMT is the major | 0.025-0.045% | 1 | |||
| P.I. 209979 Siberia | US | D+M | "Low levels" | 0.12-0.16 | 5b | ||
| P.I. 234697 Denmark | US | D+M | "High levels" | 0.40-0.58 | 5b | ||
| P.I. 235547 Sweden10 [AKA 19-7] | US | 5-MeO-DMT is the major | 0.025-0.045% | 1 | |||
| 19-7 | Regrowth; mean | D+M | "High levels" | 0.31-0.44 | 5b | ||
| P.I. 253317 Yugoslavia10 | US | 5-MeO-DMT is the major | 0.025-0.045% | 1 | |||
| R5 See as Phalaris arundinacea USDA clone #405-9 | |||||||
| R16 See as Phalaris arundinacea USDA clone #369-3 | |||||||
| R513 | 3-4 week old regrowth | 5-MeO-DMT | "Large" | 100 | 4 | ||
| R963 | 3-4 week old regrowth | 5-MeO-DMT Hordenine 6-MeO-2,9-diMe-THβC | "Large" trace trace | 4 | |||
| R5043 | 3-4 week old regrowth | DMT5Hordenine | "Large""Intermediate" | 4 | |||
| Clone # or name | Date/ Place of harvest | Age/ Type of growth | Alkaloid(s) | % as dry wt. | % of total alk. | total alk. (dry wt.) | Ref |
Legend(for numbers in superscript)
-
1: Numbers with this format are USDA clone numbers. [Many are readily available through the USDA. Check their GRIN website.]
2: Originated from U.S. Regional Pasture Research Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania.
3: Origin listed as "highly diverse source population used in plant breeding and genetic studies at the University of Minnesota, Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics."
4: Grown in a controlled environment of 21o C days/16o C nights with an 8 hour day length.
5: DMT was found in only 75% of the individuals arising from this clone.
6: Material stored in plastic bags, frozen at -12°C, until analyzed in 1969.
7: Harvested when 20-60 cm tall and still in vegetative stage.
8: 100 seedlings weighed 10-20 grams.
9: Unidentified trace alkaloids turned out to be 5-Methoxygramine, 5,7-Dimethoxygramine and 7-Methoxygramine. All were in the whole plant but highest in the roots. Mulvena & Slaytor 1983
10: Simons & Marten 1971 obtained the clones P.I. 235547 Sweden [USDA clone 19-7] and P.I. 253317 Yugoslavia from either the Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, Pullman Washington or the Northeastern Station, Geneva, NY.
1. Appleseed (Variable dates)
2. Barnes et al. 1971
3. Baxter & Slaytor 1972
4. Gander et al. 1976
5a. Marten et al. 1973
5b. Marten et al. 1974
6. Mulvena & Slaytor 1982
7. Mulvena & Slaytor 1983
8. Oram & Williams 1967
9. Rendig et al. 1970
10. Rendig et al. 1976
11. Williams et al. 1971
For complete citations please see the reference listings